Kidneys perform a critical function of filtering waste and excess fluids from the blood, which is then eliminated from the body through urine. Kidneys also play a crucial role in maintaining the body’s balance of minerals, electrolytes, and fluids. However, kidney diseases can occur due to a range of factors, including diabetes, high blood pressure, and infections, leading to severe health problems. In this article, we will discuss different types of kidney diseases, their symptoms, and treatment options.
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)
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Friday 07March 2025
CKD is a condition in which the kidneys gradually lose their function over time. CKD can be caused by various underlying medical conditions, such as diabetes and high blood pressure. In the early stages, CKD may not show any visible symptoms. However, as the disease progresses, patients may experience symptoms such as fatigue, nausea, swelling in the hands and feet, and difficulty concentrating. Treatment options for CKD depend on the severity of the disease, and they may include medication, lifestyle changes, and dialysis or kidney transplant.
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
AKI is a sudden onset of kidney damage or failure that can occur due to various reasons, such as dehydration, severe infections, or exposure to toxins. The symptoms of AKI may include decreased urine output, fatigue, confusion, and nausea. In severe cases, AKI can lead to life-threatening complications, such as fluid buildup in the lungs or heart failure. Treatment options for AKI may include medication, fluid therapy, and dialysis.
Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD)
PKD is a genetic disorder that causes cysts to form on the kidneys. These cysts can grow and multiply over time, causing the kidneys to enlarge and lose their function. The symptoms of PKD may include abdominal pain, high blood pressure, and blood in the urine. Treatment options for PKD may include medication to control blood pressure and pain, and in severe cases, kidney transplant or dialysis.
Glomerulonephritis
Glomerulonephritis is a condition in which the glomeruli, tiny blood vessels in the kidneys that filter waste and fluids, become inflamed and damaged. This can lead to proteinuria, a condition in which the urine contains an excessive amount of protein. The symptoms of glomerulonephritis may include blood in the urine, swelling in the face and legs, and high blood pressure. Treatment options for glomerulonephritis may include medication to control blood pressure and inflammation, and in severe cases, kidney transplant or dialysis.
Kidney Stones
Kidney stones are hard, crystalline deposits that form inside the kidneys. They can cause severe pain and discomfort when they pass through the urinary tract. The symptoms of kidney stones may include sharp pain in the back or side, nausea, and vomiting. Treatment options for kidney stones may include medication to control pain and inflammation, and in severe cases, surgery to remove the stones.
In conclusion, it is essential to take care of your kidneys by adopting a healthy lifestyle, such as maintaining a healthy diet and staying hydrated. If you experience any symptoms of kidney disease, such as swelling, fatigue, or blood in your urine, seek medical attention immediately.
(The author is the chairperson of Orange City Hospital, Khamla Square, Nagpur)
